Scientists find bizarre mushroom, name it after “SpongeBob”
Scientists find bizarre mushroom, name it after “SpongeBob”
June 15, 2011
Courtesy of San Francisco State University
and World
Science staff
What lives in the rainforest, under a tree? Spongiforma squarepantsii , a new species of mushroom almost as odd as the cartoon character scientists named it after.
“It’s just like a sponge with these big hollow holes,” said San Francisco State University biologist Dennis Desjardin. “When it’s wet and moist and fresh, you can wring water out of it and it will spring back to its original size. Most mushrooms don’t do that.”
Its discovery in the forests of Borneo suggests that even some of the most charismatic characters in the fungal kingdom are yet to be identified, he added. Shaped like a sea sponge, it was found in 2010 in the Lambir Hills in Sarawak, Malaysia. It’s bright orange and smells “vaguely fruity or strongly musty,” according to a description by Desjardin and colleagues published in the research journal Mycologia .
Under a scanning electron microscope, the organism’s spore-producing area looks like a seafloor carpeted in tube sponges, further persuading the discoverers to name it after the SpongeBob SquarePants cartoon character.
(The Latin moniker actually means “Sponge Form of SquarePants.”)
The new species is one of only two in its category, the genus Spon giforma . The other lives in central Thailand, and differs in color and smell. But close examination and genetic analysis revealed that the two were relatives living thousands of miles apart, said Desjardin. And both are related to a group that includes the tasty porcini mushrooms.
Spon giforma ’s ancestors had the familiar cap-and-stem form common among mushrooms, but lost this over
time—also a common occurrence in fungi, Desjardin said. The cap and stem, he explained, is an elegant evolutionary solution, but only one possible solution, to a fungal problem.
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